Glossary

A

AI Token

Also known as: LLM token, language model token, input token, output token, subword token

An AI token is the small unit of text, often a subword, that a language model reads, generates, counts against its context window, and bills for.

AI Inference

Also known as: inference, model inference, machine learning inference, ML inference, AI inferencing, inference serving

AI inference is the execution phase where a trained AI model applies what it learned to new, unseen data and produces an output such as a prediction.

AI Red Teaming

Also known as: AI red team, AI red-teaming, LLM red teaming, GenAI red teaming, adversarial testing, AI adversarial testing

AI red teaming is a structured testing effort that uses adversarial methods to find flaws, vulnerabilities, and misuse risks in a deployed AI system.

AI Agent

Also known as: AI agents, agentic AI, autonomous agent, LLM agent, intelligent agent, software agent

An AI agent is a software system that uses an AI model to plan, pick tools and take actions toward a goal on a user’s behalf, with limited human oversight.

AI Hallucination

Also known as: AI hallucinations, LLM hallucination, AI confabulation, model hallucination

An AI hallucination is output a generative model states with confidence but that is factually wrong, unsupported, or contradicts its own prompt.

Automated Decision-Making

Also known as: ADM, automated decision-making, automated individual decision-making, solely automated decision

A significant decision about a person taken with no meaningful human involvement, defined by UK GDPR Articles 22A to 22C and subject to statutory safeguards.

C

Context Window

Also known as: context windows, context length, context size, context window size, token limit

A context window is all the text an AI model can reference when generating a response, measured in tokens and shared with the model’s own output.

M

Mixture of Experts

Also known as: MoE, sparse mixture of experts, MoE model, sparsely-gated mixture of experts, sparse model, mixture-of-experts

A mixture of experts (MoE) model splits its feed-forward layers into expert sub-networks and a router sends each token to only a few of them.

Multimodal AI

Also known as: multimodal model, multimodal models, multimodal machine learning, multimodal LLM, multimodal large language model, MLLM, large multimodal model

Multimodal AI is a single model that takes in and relates more than one type of input, such as text, images, audio or video, rather than only text.